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Allohexaploid bread wheat and diploid barley are two of the most cultivated crops in the world. This book reports novel research and reviews concerning the use of modern technologies to understand the molecular bases for wheat and barley improvement. The contributions published in this book illustrate research advances in wheat and barley knowledge using modern molecular techniques. These molecular approaches cover genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phenomic levels, together with new tools for gene identification and the development of novel molecular markers. Overall, the contributions for this book lead to a further understanding of regulatory systems in order to improve wheat and barley performance.

Triticum durum --- Aegilops tauschii --- Triticum aestivum --- marker-trait associations --- genes --- bread wheat --- genetic biofortification --- favorable alleles --- allohexaploid --- homoeolog --- hybrid necrosis --- molecular marker --- wheat --- wheat --- rye --- 6R --- small segment translocation --- powdery mildew --- transgenic wheat --- 12-oxophytodienoate reductase --- jasmonates --- freezing tolerance --- HIGS --- transgene --- wheat --- barley --- cereal cyst nematodes --- wheat --- barely --- breeding --- biotechnology --- resistance --- Triticum aestivum --- Landrace --- Powdery mildew --- Bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) --- Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) --- Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) --- Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici --- protein two-dimensional electrophoresis --- mass spectrometry --- Pm40 --- Barley --- Grain development --- Transcriptional dynamics --- RNA editing --- RNA-seq --- durum wheat --- Tunisian landraces --- center of diversity --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- DArTseq technology --- chromatin --- 3D-FISH --- nucleus --- introgression --- rye --- hybrid --- wheat --- genome stability --- wheat --- Thinopyrum --- chromosome --- ND-FISH --- oligo probe --- barley --- wheat --- protease --- germination --- grain --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- aquaporin --- TdPIP2 --- 1 --- histochemical analysis --- transgenic wheat --- transpiration --- wheat --- Aegilops tauschii --- Lr42 --- disease resistance --- molecular mapping --- KASP markers --- marker-assisted selection --- phytase --- wheat --- barley --- purple acid phosphatase phytase --- PAPhy --- mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) --- genome assembly --- bread wheat --- barley --- optical mapping --- BAC --- ribosomal DNA --- cereals --- CRISPR --- crops --- genetic engineering --- genome editing --- plant --- Triticeae --- n/a