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Attention in the AI safety community has increasingly started to include strategic considerations of coordination between relevant actors in the field of AI and AI safety, in addition to the steadily growing work on the technical considerations of building safe AI systems. This shift has several reasons: Multiplier effects, pragmatism, and urgency. Given the benefits of coordination between those working towards safe superintelligence, this book surveys promising research in this emerging field regarding AI safety. On a meta-level, the hope is that this book can serve as a map to inform those working in the field of AI coordination about other promising efforts. While this book focuses on AI safety coordination, coordination is important to most other known existential risks (e.g., biotechnology risks), and future, human-made existential risks. Thus, while most coordination strategies in this book are specific to superintelligence, we hope that some insights yield “collateral benefits” for the reduction of other existential risks, by creating an overall civilizational framework that increases robustness, resiliency, and antifragility.

AI welfare science --- AI welfare policies --- sentiocentrism --- antispeciesism --- AI safety --- value sensitive design --- VSD --- design for values --- safe for design --- AI --- ethics --- AI safety --- existential risk --- AI alignment --- superintelligence --- AI arms race --- multi-agent systems --- specification gaming --- artificial intelligence safety --- Goodhart’s Law --- machine learning --- moral and ethical behavior --- artilects --- supermorality --- superintelligence --- policymaking process --- AI risk --- typologies of AI policy --- AI governance --- autonomous distributed system --- conflict --- existential risk --- distributed goals management --- terraforming --- technological singularity --- AI forecasting --- technology forecasting --- scenario analysis --- scenario mapping --- transformative AI --- scenario network mapping --- judgmental distillation mapping --- holistic forecasting framework --- artificial general intelligence --- AGI --- blockchain --- distributed ledger --- AI containment --- AI safety --- AI value alignment --- ASILOMAR --- future-ready --- strategic oversight --- artificial superintelligence --- artificial intelligence --- forecasting AI behavior --- predictive optimization --- simulations --- Bayesian networks --- adaptive learning systems --- pedagogical motif --- explainable AI --- AI Thinking --- human-in-the-loop --- human-centric reasoning --- policy making on AI

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.

memristor --- artificial synapse --- neuromorphic computing --- memristor-CMOS hybrid circuit --- temporal pooling --- sensory and hippocampal responses --- cortical neurons --- hierarchical temporal memory --- neocortex --- memristor-CMOS hybrid circuit --- defect-tolerant spatial pooling --- boost-factor adjustment --- memristor crossbar --- neuromorphic hardware --- memristor --- compact model --- emulator --- neuromorphic --- synapse --- STDP --- pavlov --- neuromorphic systems --- spiking neural networks --- memristors --- spike-timing-dependent plasticity --- RRAM --- vertical RRAM --- neuromorphics --- neural network hardware --- reinforcement learning --- AI --- neuromorphic computing --- multiscale modeling --- memristor --- optimization --- RRAM --- simulation --- memristors --- neuromorphic engineering --- OxRAM --- self-organization maps --- synaptic device --- memristor --- neuromorphic computing --- artificial intelligence --- hardware-based deep learning ICs --- circuit design --- memristor --- RRAM --- variability --- time series modeling --- autocovariance --- graphene oxide --- laser --- memristor --- crossbar array --- neuromorphic computing --- wire resistance --- synaptic weight --- character recognition --- neuromorphic computing --- Flash memories --- memristive devices --- resistive switching --- synaptic plasticity --- artificial neural network --- spiking neural network --- pattern recognition --- strongly correlated oxides --- resistive switching --- neuromorphic computing --- transistor-like devices --- artificial intelligence --- neural networks --- resistive switching --- memristive devices --- deep learning networks --- spiking neural networks --- electronic synapses --- crossbar array --- pattern recognition

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A “genotype"" is essentially an organism's full hereditary information which is obtained from its parents. A ""phenotype"" is an organism's actual observed physical and behavioral properties. These may include traits such as morphology, size, height, eye color, metabolism, etc. One of the pressing challenges in computational and systems biology is genotype-to-phenotype prediction. This is challenging given the amount of data generated by modern Omics technologies. This “Big Data” is so large and complex that traditional data processing applications are not up to the task. Challenges arise in collection, analysis, mining, sharing, transfer, visualization, archiving, and integration of these data. In this Special Issue, there is a focus on the systems-level analysis of Omics data, recent developments in gene ontology annotation, and advances in biological pathways and network biology. The integration of Omics data with clinical and biomedical data using machine learning is explored. This Special Issue covers new methodologies in the context of gene–environment interactions, tissue-specific gene expression, and how external factors or host genetics impact the microbiome.

tissue-specific expressed genes --- transcriptome --- tissue classification --- support vector machine --- feature selection --- bioinformatics pipelines --- algorithm development for network integration --- miRNA–gene expression networks --- multiomics integration --- network topology analysis --- candidate genes --- gene–environment interactions --- logic forest --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- Gene Ontology --- KEGG pathways --- enrichment analysis --- proteomic analysis --- plot visualization --- Alzheimer’s disease --- dementia --- cognitive impairment --- neurodegeneration --- Gene Ontology --- annotation --- biocuration --- amyloid-beta --- microtubule-associated protein tau --- artificial intelligence --- genotype --- phenotype --- deep phenotype --- data integration --- genomics --- phenomics --- precision medicine informatics --- epigenetics --- chromatin modification --- sequencing --- regulatory genomics --- disease variants --- machine learning --- multi-omics --- data integration --- curse of dimensionality --- heterogeneous data --- missing data --- class imbalance --- scalability --- genomics --- pharmacogenomics --- cell lines --- database --- drug sensitivity --- data integration --- omics data --- genomics --- RNA expression --- non-omics data --- clinical data --- epidemiological data --- challenges --- integrative analytics --- joint modeling --- multivariate analysis --- multivariate causal mediation --- distance correlation --- direct effect --- indirect effect --- causal inference --- n/a

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This book collects 14 articles from the Special Issue entitled “Deep Learning Applications with Practical Measured Results in Electronics Industries” of Electronics. Topics covered in this Issue include four main parts: (1) environmental information analyses and predictions, (2) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and object tracking applications, (3) measurement and denoising techniques, and (4) recommendation systems and education systems. These authors used and improved deep learning techniques (e.g., ResNet (deep residual network), Faster-RCNN (faster regions with convolutional neural network), LSTM (long short term memory), ConvLSTM (convolutional LSTM), GAN (generative adversarial network), etc.) to analyze and denoise measured data in a variety of applications and services (e.g., wind speed prediction, air quality prediction, underground mine applications, neural audio caption, etc.). Several practical experiments were conducted, and the results indicate that the performance of the presented deep learning methods is improved compared with the performance of conventional machine learning methods.

computational intelligence --- offshore wind --- forecasting --- machine learning --- neural networks --- neuro-fuzzy systems --- humidity sensor --- data fusion --- nonlinear optimization --- multiple linear regression --- GSA-BP --- geometric errors correction --- kinematic modelling --- lateral stage errors --- Imaging Confocal Microscope --- K-means clustering --- data partition --- Least Squares method --- deep learning --- multivariate time series forecasting --- multivariate temporal convolutional network --- CNN --- hyperspectral image classification --- information measure --- transfer learning --- neighborhood noise reduction --- visual tracking --- update occasion --- update mechanism --- background model --- network layer contribution --- saliency information --- geometric errors --- rigid body kinematics --- lateral stage errors --- imaging confocal microscope --- MCM uncertainty evaluation --- dot grid target --- smart grid --- foreign object --- binary classification --- convolutional network --- image inpainting --- content reconstruction --- instance segmentation --- underground mines --- intelligent surveillance --- residual networks --- compressed sensing --- image compression --- image restoration --- discrete wavelet transform --- intelligent tire manufacturing --- digital shearography --- faster region-based CNN --- tire bubble defects --- tire quality assessment --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- UAV --- trajectory planning --- GA --- A* --- multiple constraints --- recommender system --- human computer interaction --- eye-tracking device --- deep learning --- oral evaluation --- generative adversarial network --- neural audio caption --- gated recurrent unit --- long short-term memory --- deep learning --- machine learning --- supervised learning --- unsupervised learning --- reinforcement learning --- optimization techniques